In the K.N.King book, there's an example: ::: spoiler **viewmemory.c** ```c /* Allows the user to view regions of computer memory */ #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> typedef unsigned char BYTE; int main(void) { unsigned int addr; int i, n; BYTE *ptr; printf("Address of main function: %x\n", (unsigned int) main); printf("Address of addr variable: %x\n", (unsigned int) &addr); printf("\nEnter a (hex) address: "); scanf("%x", &addr); printf("Enter number of bytes to view: "); scanf("%d", &n); printf("\n"); printf(" Address Bytes Characters\n"); printf(" ------- ------------------------------- ----------\n"); ptr = (BYTE *) addr; for (; n > 0; n -= 10) { printf("%8X ", (unsigned int) ptr); for (i = 0; i < 10 && i < n; i++) printf("%.2X ", *(ptr + i)); for (; i < 10; i++) printf(" "); printf(" "); for (i = 0; i < 10 && i < n; i++) { BYTE ch = *(ptr + i); if (!isprint(ch)) ch = '.'; printf("%c", ch); } printf("\n"); ptr += 10; } return 0; } ``` ::: For some reason, when I try to enter addr variable address as the parameter, it has a segmentation fault error. However, in the book's example and the screenshot from this [site in Hangul](https://ziegler.tistory.com/84), there's no such error? When I try using `gdb` to check the issue, here's what I get: :::spoiler gdb ```console $ gdb ./a.out --silent Reading symbols from ./a.out... (gdb) run Starting program: /home/<username>/Desktop/c-programming-a-modern-approach/low-level-programming/a.out [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Using host libthread_db library "/gnu/store/zvlp3n8iwa1svxmwv4q22pv1pb1c9pjq-glibc-2.39/lib/libthread_db.so.1". Address of main function: 401166 Address of addr variable: ffffd678 Enter a (hex) address: ffffd678 Enter number of bytes to view: 64 Address Bytes Characters ------- ------------------------------- ---------- Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0x000000000040123a in main () at viewmemory.c:31 warning: Source file is more recent than executable. 31 printf ("%.2X ", *(ptr + i)); (gdb) ``` ::: What is going on? By the way, I am using Guix, if that matters in any way. Here's the output for `ldd`: :::spoiler ldd ```console $ ldd ./a.out linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffecdda9000) libgcc_s.so.1 => /gnu/store/w0i4fd8ivrpwz91a0wjwz5l0b2ralj16-gcc-11.4.0-lib/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fcd2627a000) libc.so.6 => /gnu/store/zvlp3n8iwa1svxmwv4q22pv1pb1c9pjq-glibc-2.39/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007fcd2609c000) ``` :::

Second representation requires at least 6 bits to represent numbers between 0 to 59. But 5 bits are not just enough - 2^5^ = 32, which can only represent from 0 up to 31 seconds. According to K.N. King: >You may be wondering how it 's possible to store the seconds - a number between 0 and 59 in a field with only 5 bits. Well. DOS cheats: it divides the number of seconds by 2, so the seconds member is actually between 0 and 29. That really makes no sense?

It looks very similar to scope, so I really don't understand the difference. What makes storage classes different from each other? How is `auto` not the same as `static`, `extern` or `register`?

chat velox_vulnus • Now • 97%

I have no idea why I am wasting my time and learning C...

Well, at this point, I don't even know what to learn for getting an entry level CS job...so C is it. Reached chapter 17 of K.N.King's C99, maybe read a little bit of C2x and C2y specifications, then I'll probably start reading John Calcote's Autotools and then metalanguage99. And I bet they won't help me for my early career in any way or form.

In my journey to learning C, I've come across header files, which are used to (I'm assuming) define a prototype for the source file, as well as structure modules. This feature, in my opinion, is pointlessly not just redundant, but possibly a source for pitfall. The same information can probably be extracted from the source code, if not for the restrictions of the language specification in C. Say, if I have a GTK project, I will have to use the preprocessor directive, that will require the use of GTK headers that look something like `#include <gtk/gtk.h>`, and they're usually in the system path. How do modern languages, like Rust, Zig or Go deal with this situation, where shared libraries are used?

chat velox_vulnus • Now • 94%

Do you think that the use of bandana cultural appropriation or appreciation?

Because I think that it has been appropriated. Bandhani is a traditional tie-dye technique, with deep cultural and historial significance for the Rajasthani, even extending to Sindhi and Marwari sub-groups in the west of India and east of Pakistan - who comprise of nomadic and semi-nomadic artisans. The word 'bandhan/bandhana' can have several meanings depending on the context - knot, relation(ship), or kerchief - they're all related to each other, in the sense that this piece of clothing signifies relationship, and can be tied to the end of one's cloth - just in the same way you can "build" a "building" in English, if that makes sense. One of the most identifiable parts of the bandhani is the parsely and floral pattern, as well as the use of non-pastel, dark dyes. Now, I am neither a Rajasthani, nor from the north-western parts of India or eastern part of Pakistan, so it should be obvious that I don't know much about them. Maybe some information over here is not true - and I'd appreciate correction. Personally, I feel like it is an extreme case of cultural appropriation in the sense that: - the culture behind it has been erased, or people don't bother doing enough basic research behind them - it has been commodified and mass-produced as a fashion trend, which is disrespectful to the people, and has harmed their livelihood severely - the patterns have a deep cultural, religious and social significance, so do the colors, and using them trivially again erases the original meaning behind them The bandana culture (at least from my stereotype of American media) has been stolen collectively on different occasions by multiple subcultures - the hippies, the bikers, white supremacists, cowboys, gang members, black rights activists and even antifa/anarchists members, shifting the original symbolism from that of familial collectivism to something that is representative of rejection of government authority. Unfortunately, as a very vulnerable group, they don't have the voice to raise against this injustice, because obviously when basic needs are not met, people tend to ignore the erasure of their own identity and culture, and try to survive with what they can. The place that they live in is the antipode to the American continent, and obviously, that region does not receive a lot of attention, as opposed to western cities.

chat velox_vulnus • Now • 100%

How do you feel about animal rights from a vulnerable POV?

Saw a "performative" animal rescue video where a young lad was harassing a really old, poor Rajasthani woman of nomadic origin, perhaps from a very vulnerable, and extremely backward scheduled tribe, whose culture very much resemble with the Roma people, (perhaps it is because Rajasthan/Sindh is where the Romas migrated from almost a few thousand years ago, so it makes a lot of sense). In this particular instance, she had a snake with herself, and what she would do is sell a pseudo-scientific drug/herb-mixture, claiming that this saves your from the bite of an Indian cobra. She would let the snake bite her - well, here's the reality - the snake had it's fangs removed. The snake can not survive in the wild now, which sucks. I ~~condone~~ condemn the exploitation of animals too, as well as this old lady's behavior, but how is this fair? This young lad comes from a society of high privilege and caste. Dad is probably a government civil servant, mom is a doctor. Grand parents probably one of those freedom fighters from India. So this kid is probably loaded with old money - he and his kids will never have to worry about working for their entire lives, and they'll still make money passively. Seeing from a colonialist lens, this looks like intersectional imperialism to me, in this instance, brown imperialism (which I've talked about before; remember linguistic and cultural imperialism of majoritarian culture?). The boy "saved" the snake, but at the cost of letting these vulnerable people starve, and does he provide an alternative for her livelihood? She's probably de-fang another snake, albeit with a lot of difficulty. Alternatively, there exists a few illegal night-club party bars out here in India for the ultra-rich, where they use small doses of snake toxins to get a high - I am not really sure how that works, but from little what I know, it is similar to acid, with the added risk of dying from the venom itself. If this kid is so much about animal activism, why does he and his friends not care about those instances of animal abuse from the corrupt, rich people? Why does he not care about the inhumane dairy industry or the industrialized broiler chicken farm? Just needed some opinion on this, because I am kinda ticked off by this brat's behaviour.