mycology

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Growing Culinary Mushrooms with Cat Litter: A Guide

Have you wanted to grow mushrooms but didn't know where to start? Here's a relatively easy and foolproof technique that doesn't require equipment or sterilization and can be done in an afternoon. MATERIALS: Mushroom spawn - the two types that work well for this are oyster mushrooms (any variety, although given that oyster mushrooms tend to be copious spore producers and the spores are known for causing health problems, sporeless oysters are best for indoors/small spaces) and what's known as bear'a head or lion's mane. The latter produced a shaggy ball-shaped mushroom and is enjoying a moment right now because it helps keep nerves healthy. It's also darn tasty and can be enjoyed in stir fries and sushi (if cooked!). Pioppino might also do well in this setup, but I have never tried it. Mushroom spawn can be purchased online. I like Field & Forest Products as a supplier. Yesterday's News Kitty Litter: made from pelletized newspaper, do not substitute feline pine or other wood-based brands Guinea Pig Chow: you want pelletized Timothy hay Dechlorinated Water - Hot water out of the faucet that has been allowed to cool works, so does distilled or filtered water, or tap water that has been brought to a boil and allowed to cool. You need 4 cups per batch. Newspaper Bags: any tube shaped plastic bag will do. Small mushroom grow bags are available on Amazon and also work well. A clean plastic tub for mixing (for best results wipe out beforehand with hydrogen peroxide or a 1:10 bleach dilution) METHOD Making the artificial log: Using clean or gloved hands, mix 4 cups of yesterday's news, two handfuls of guinea pig chow, and 4 cups of water until the water is fully incorporated. Add in about a cup of spawn (less works, but it is slightly riskier), breaking up the clumps with your fingers. Scoop the inoculated medium into your bag, tap on the counter a couple times to pack it down, then tie it off. Spawn Run: Over the course of the next couple of weeks, the mushroom spawn will colonize the artificial logs, causing the medium to become cohesive and whitish in color. If you see green, powdery growth, you have trichoderma contamination and should discard. Black splotches are mold and also a sign your log is compromised. Fruiting: Oxygen is the trigger to switch over from vegetative growth to making mushrooms. Tiny pinheads called primordia will often form in places where there's gaps between substrate and bag; you can look for them and make small x cuts in the bag with a pair of scissors, or you can just pierce the bag in regular intervals on one side. Keeping the bag in a humid environment, placing it in a shopping bag, or misting it regularly can improve yield. Once the mushrooms are mature, you can harvest them (ideally before they drop a lot of spores). If you're growing bear's head, the tips starting to yellow is a sign that the fruiting body is done growing. A second flush can be obtained by soaking the bags in dechlorinated water for at least a couple of hours. Expect 1-2 pounds of yield from each bag. WHY IT WORKS The mushrooms we're growing here are known as white rot fungi and have been evolutionary honed to tolerate wood, a growing medium that most other decomposers hate because it's low in nitrogen and high in forms of carbohydrate that are difficult to break down. White rot fungi are not really used to competitors and are happy to take their time, which means that they can spend years breaking down a log before deciding to fruit. This is disadvantageous from a less patient human cultivator's point of view. We can speed the process up by offering tastier forms of nutrition, but that will attract faster-growing fungi who can muscle out our target species. Thus, growing mushrooms successfully without contamination requires either an environment more suited to the target mushroom than faster-growing competitors (that is, it is relatively low in nutrients), or a rigorous commitment to ensuring the competitors are kept out of the medium. We take a hybrid approach here: both the litter and the Timothy pellets are sterilized during manufacturing, so we don't have to worry as much about aseptic technique, but the resulting medium is still less nutritious than something designed for high yields, such as master's mix. Keeping the logs comparatively small and using a high spawn ratio also allows the edible mushroom to quickly complete a life cycle before any spores that have drifted in have a chance to get established, with the drawback of increasing cost per unit produced. COST/MATERIAL CONSIDERATIONS You're looking at roughly $80 - 100 in materials to get off the ground, with your main expense being the mushroom spawn. A 5 lb bag of spawn should be enough for 20 or so mini logs, so at $5/lb of mushrooms at the high end, you're beating the grocery store or farmer's market pretty handily. This is also a lot to make at once, and spawn does have a limited shelf life (although it can be stored in the fridge for a couple of weeks). High nutrient spawns like rye tend to get chewed through quickly and you can often find your spawn bags fruiting on their own (not necessarily the worst outcome). If you're worried about waste and not sure where you'd keep 20 newspaper bags full of mycelium, consider splitting the cost with friends or making your own spawn in smaller batches. Spore/mycelium syringes for edible varieties are available online, and the popular and relatively reliable "Uncle Ben's tek" used for Psilocybes will also work for the more licit species of fungi. That's a post for another time, though. OKAY I GREW SOME MUSHROOMS, NOW WHAT? Spent logs can theoretically be used to spawn new ones, although the chances for contamination go up and yields can decline over time. They can also be composted or tossed on a log pile to see if you get some mushrooms the natural way.

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To save endangered trees, researchers in South America recruit an army of fungi
news.mongabay.com

by Sofia Moutinho - Mycorrhizal fungi live in symbiosis with plants, providing them with nutrients necessary to thrive and potentially playing a key part in preserving threatened species. - Although research into mycorrhizae has so far been sparse in Latin America, efforts are gaining momentum, with experts studying how the fungi could help save the Colombian black oak, an endangered, endemic species. - In Huila, Colombia, local communities are successfully working with researchers on a black oak restoration project using seeds “inoculated” with fungi. >“All this forest above us, and we are here looking down,” says Corrales, a fungi ecologist and expedition leader at the Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), a nonprofit research organization mapping fungi worldwide. For the last two years, the group has been searching in Colombia’s black oak forests for mycorrhizae, a type of fungi that establishes a unique symbiosis with plants that’s fundamental to keeping forests alive. >Most plants worldwide are associated with these fungi. Mycorrhizae grow around roots, forming vast networks of thin, cotton-like filaments that extend into the lower soil levels and reach the litter fall. Through this system, the fungi can break down organic matter, such as dry leaves, and even mine minerals in rocks and deliver water and essential nutrients directly to plants’ roots. In return, the roots provide the fungi with sugars, essential for their survival. [Full Article](https://news.mongabay.com/2024/09/to-save-endangered-trees-researchers-in-south-america-recruit-an-army-of-fungi/)

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Chestnut mushroom yield
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/9ff0b511-fb25-4ddb-971f-6f9a6aa51a92.jpeg

First yield from this: [log inoculation using sawdust spawn](https://hexbear.net/post/472485) These are lovely, they have a nice nutty flavor and are very, very tender. Hence why I've never seen them in a store. One of the joys of gourmet mushroom cultivation is having access to all these edible species that I would otherwise never get to taste. I was supposed to bury these per the north spore instructions but they seem to be doing just fine above ground? ![shrug-outta-hecks](https://www.hexbear.net/pictrs/image/7cc4b291-507e-4aa2-9ba6-35d81eb4a08a.png "emoji shrug-outta-hecks")

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Selling shit like this needs to be criminalized

https://fxtwitter.com/redditships/status/1824505077198975231 ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/fc921455-b1d9-4bba-bc80-12e8c2eff5b1.jpeg) ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/8e58351c-15fd-4401-8f89-10bd4a853288.jpeg)

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Touching forest floor grass today

Early autumn loot is really getting started where I live. Chantarelles have been abundant for weeks now and these guys are just now starting to surface, about three weeks earlier than last year. And looking at how much small ones there were, it's going to be an epic year for mushroom drying. This truly is the poor mans truffle.

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Sous vide tek update: successful harvest!

Chicken of the woods successful harvest demonstrates the viability of sous vide tek for medium pasteurization ![mao-clap](https://www.hexbear.net/pictrs/image/1b4813f2-96d9-4c7b-96e8-2bc96e338756.gif "emoji mao-clap")

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YES... HA HA HA... YES!

My fourth year searching for them and i finally found a place! Few hundred feet off the trail and there it was among the mayapple and waterleaf, i could hardly believe it. Tree ID is HARD and i don't have any tips on that front but i don't think there were any elms around because the (lack of) canopy in the area didn't show any sign of flowers/buds. Ended up with 9 ounces and i left some tiny ones behind that still seemed healthy enough to keep growing. Shout out to the curious deer that patiently led me right to the spot. ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/c230bf9c-c11a-4b1e-a3de-90abae3f3796.jpeg)

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Thick Mushroom Soup (A Cute Mushroom Song) 蘑菇浓汤 'Mogu Nongtang'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnThkOMc658

Lil song with cute mushroom video for mushy friends Super catchy 'mogu mogu' refrain which also kinda works as a cross-lingual pun because mogu (蘑菇) means mushroom in Mandarin and is an onomatopoeia for chewing in Japanese. I wonder if this belongs in c/mycology most cos it's mushrooms, but it's also c/sino, c/food and c/music lmao

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Stephen Axford: How fungi changed my view of the world
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYunPJQWZ1o

Learning about the different types of fungus is cool, my favourites were the ones that sprung up after the fires. Also learning that an estimated 5 per cent of the surface of the globe is lichen is pretty ![wowee](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/3eefac46-14be-417c-8702-7c468459a2a2.png "emoji wowee")

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Lion's Mane Mushroom Issues

Hey I am wondering if anyone else had headache issues after taking these mushrooms and stopping. They have gotten slightly better over time but very slowly, and it seems to be stagnating. Been having the headaches for 6 month daily since stopping. Don't know if this is the right community on this site to post about this, but since it is a mushroom I thought to post it here.

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Hell yeah lawn shrooms are doing work
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/6e94cc38-97ac-4c46-be14-8eb1a4fd6c0f.jpeg
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Ooouuuuvgh oyster mshrom

Im going to put woodchips and oyster stems in a BUCKET and it will ALWAYS WORK!!!!!

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mycology solidarity

found this image randomly and thought it would be appreciated here

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I realized all the cooking shows I ever saw never used *Suillus luteus* fungi, which is weird cuz it's ubiquitous and delicious and the most used (dried) fungi in my country
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Oughe... old polypore.

Old and CRUSRY and HOME TO MQNY INSECTS! this is a proletarian mushroom. Truly.

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Morgellons! It's got Morgellons! (bleeding mycena being parasitized by bonnet mold- SPOOKY!)
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/b963ffd3-d2ec-4afd-bbdb-ad98b2bddc1c.png

Mycena haematopus and Spinellus fusiger. i should get a real camera

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The Most Delicious Mushroom in Eastern Forests
https://youtu.be/_V-RXXBWKe4?si=975gy8bfEM0KcCud

new crime pays mushroom vid dropped ![soypoint-2](https://www.hexbear.net/pictrs/image/2a3eda93-16bf-4eb8-a4a9-fe85ce53fe4a.png "emoji soypoint-2")

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Wine caps fruiting!
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/1882de67-9f20-4eee-b1ac-4b02f3d62f0a.jpeg

Took about four or five months with just a tiny amount of mail order spawn and no real effort. May not be as tasty as some of the hardwood types (will know soon enough) but they are fucking huge. Gonna keep adding to the bed and move some of the spawn around till they’re growing all over my garden.

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No clue what I'm doing, but look at this neat mushroom!
https://i.imgur.com/zvMestw.jpg

Been getting a lot of mushrooms in the backyard lately. I'm no mycologist, but I still find these little dudes fascinating.

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Lion’s Mane
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/80c42585-53d8-4af5-90b8-2748cedc5c16.jpeg

2’ section of clean maple from a log drop, roughly 8” or so in diameter. inoculated last winter with totem method. Overwinter inoculation in the garage was a good move, I had a fully inoculated log in the spring letting me start a full 3 months earlier. Probably wouldn’t have gotten a harvest this year otherwise. You can see these all came out of the spawn so I’m hoping to get some from the log itself next year. Time will tell. Biggest ball is 4” or so across. Very hype for these as I have never tasted them before. They’re supposed to be delicious and are suuuuper expensive at the store (30-40 usd a pound)

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This was all much too old but just look at it! Probably fifty pounds on this one log!
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/85a26b74-f447-40f0-b828-d51f564afb39.jpeg

But think of the spores ![sicko-beaming](https://www.hexbear.net/pictrs/image/2549440a-6bd0-4e19-b6c5-7570af00a759.png "emoji sicko-beaming")

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Check out this dope ass mushroom.

Seen this on![reddit-logo](https://www.hexbear.net/pictrs/image/4aac8007-876f-4c7f-936d-b7eabf506ef4.png "emoji reddit-logo") so I know nothing about it. I just thought of you fungi nerds when I seen it. ![spongebob-party](https://www.hexbear.net/pictrs/image/495ba447-99c5-418b-9258-ed30a9fc1222.gif "emoji spongebob-party") Is apparently called mycena subcyanocephala .

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Yo my paetner bought me a self grow oyster mushroom kit is there somrway i can extract the spores/spawn and keep reusing it?

Plz help me mushroom mods i suck at this help help help i spill my jice

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Orange mycena i found today

Mycena leaiana. There were honey mushrooms everywhere too but they were too old to eat

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Check out these dope ass mushrooms

After several years of scouring the woods behind my house I am starting to find the spots for the specimens at last. The hericium keeps coming back in relatively small quantities year after year, but this is the first chanterelle haul so far, and there were many (more than pictured). Beauties.

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Where's the place to get spore syringes these days?

I'm looking to get back into cultivation and I'm on a bit of a budget. I'm looking for some golden teacher spores in a syringe so I can do that cool liquid culture thing with mason jars to create a bunch more syringes for myself. Shipping is killing me on a few of the websites I've looked at...

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Sous vide tek 2 month update: holy shit it worked
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/d352f0ed-d24b-4072-8ac6-27d6b05c5696.jpeg

Sealed bags w no contam: ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/33f88b08-755c-4811-8250-9d4fd5109fa6.jpeg) Ready for burial: ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/e0dd7a89-9117-4066-91fd-d2552adee22b.jpeg) I would feel confident employing sous vide tek as a sterilization option for large/oddly shaped substrates, or even 5 pound bricks for anyone lacking in the autoclave department! [original post](https://hexbear.net/post/277437?scrollToComments=false) [follow up](https://hexbear.net/post/278065?scrollToComments=false)

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Log inoculation with sawdust spawn: methods
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/7b029aa5-bc49-4f85-837a-032409fdd0ec.jpeg

This is the second of two posts describing log inoculation with sawdust spawn. The first, covering tools and materials, can be found [here](https://hexbear.net/post/322751) So now we have assembled our tools and materials and we are ready to go. The basic workflow is to drill holes in a log in a diamond pattern, fill each hole with sawdust spawn using a special inoculation tool, and cap the holes with edible wax. 1. Melt your wax This takes a minute so I would start it first. 2. Drill holes Here is a photo of a finished log. The holes are in a diamond pattern roughly 3 inches (~8cm) apart. The easiest way to accomplish this is to drill all the way down the log at a 6” interval, then move over a few inches and drill all the way down the log at an offset. ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/6713adb3-2fce-4147-8f07-e41f153f617e.jpeg) ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/c542f1c3-e0f6-4553-a596-5a62bfd7906f.jpeg) 3. Fill the holes with spawn Open the bag of spawn, and firmly jab the inoculation tool into the spawn so when you pull it out it is flush: ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/5d54cb99-a5a8-49da-8ff2-e095d540a293.jpeg) ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/2cf4f9db-ec29-4dab-9161-786a7e2717aa.jpeg) Line up the inoculation tool with a hole, push down firmly on the plunger and press the spawn into the hole: ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/a51a2d9f-0c3e-42bc-a218-170f666161e6.jpeg) ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/ab057ad7-0162-45a0-9566-35d50351b9b7.jpeg) You will want the top of the spawn to be flush with the log because otherwise when you go to wax it will pull it up. If it sticks out a bit you can jam it in with your finger or use the tip of the tool with the plunger depressed. Repeat this with the top surface of the log. The spawn is jammed in there tight so you don’t have to worry about it falling out, but I still prefer to do one side at a time. 3. Wax Now it’s time to apply the wax. Dip your tool of choice into the hot wax and seal each hole generously. ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/96f6946b-7eaf-4921-9926-43ff7b9cdb7b.jpeg) ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/54585d3b-9b50-4604-8fd0-59813476eb9c.jpeg) If you have a second person a really nice work flow is for one person to put the spawn in while the second follows behind with wax. Turn the log over and repeat until all holes are filled and sealed. Check carefully as open holes are entry points for contaminants. This is the main reason I prefer red wax. I like to wax the ends of the logs as well when they are finished, as well as any areas with missing bark. This is probably overkill. 4. Stack and wait Stack your logs (see title pic) in a cool dark place (think forest floor) and allow them to colonize for 3-6 months. When you see mycelium colonizing the ends you will know they are ready to be re-stacked or buried, depending on your target species. I will post pictures of a stack shortly but am rate limited at the moment

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No Mushroom Hunting

Credit to @JoesFrackinJack who posted this two years ago

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Log inoculation with sawdust spawn: tools and materials
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/a4e09d9b-b952-45c7-b565-02f0e23e6a32.jpeg

**Background** This will be the first of probably 2 posts covering log inoculation from sawdust spawn. Log inoculation is a common technique for growing certain wood loving species such as shiitake. This is a nice activity to spend the day outdoors alone or makes a great group activity as well as there are discrete steps that lend themselves well to splitting work. An inoculation party could be a fun activity for a community garden for example, all you need is a reliably shady spot, some clean logs, and relatively inexpensive supplies to grow mushrooms for many years. You could also give away completed logs as gifts for friends. Depending on the technique the finishing step may be different (shiitake gets log cabin like in the top pic, chestnuts, reiishi get buried etc) but the process starts the same way. Like all mushroom growing this is a probability game, you want to maximize the chances of your chosen mycelium colonizing the substrate and minimize the odds of competition, this is the same here. We will be drilling holes in healthy logs, injecting them with chestnut mushroom sawdust spawn, and sealing the wounds with edible wax. **Materials** 1. Clean logs ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/7e056b5a-8305-4da7-9fd0-078fddcd1baf.jpeg) The best logs are from freshly cut trees, 3-6” in diameter and 6’ long on the high end. This is about the biggest size one can handle alone. Smaller is better for kids, or those with less lifting ability. The best time to fell trees is fall, but other seasons are fine too, I think. The main thing is to not let them sit too long, a month or so max. We are aiming for a sterile substrate, so the longer we wait the more competitors are introduced. Here I am using maple (as always) but depending on the species many hardwoods will work. The spawn supplier should be able to provide lists of compatible species. 2. Sawdust spawn This is a block of sawdust that has been inoculated with the species of your choice. This is available from retailers online. I like north spore personally but I am sure there are others. Sawdust spawn comes in 5 pound bags which should be enough to inoculate 10-15 logs depending on size. When it comes in the mail it’s important to use it right away. It can also be kept refrigerated for up to six months as it goes dormant. 3. Wax -Edible wax and something to melt it in. Emphasis on edible. Beeswax is a popular choice. I like using red cheese wax because it’s bright color lets me see what i have completed easily. Cut it into ~3cm chunks for easy melting. As a vessel here I used an old food can. Whatever you use will be covered in wax forever so disposable is best, though some people use dedicated crock pots for this. But you’d have to be doing a LOT of logs. As to quantity I bought a 5lb block from a cheese making supply store and it’s lasted me through 30 logs and will probably do more. -A heat source. I am using a camping stove here, but a sterno, old crock pot, even a sous vide with the wax in a bag will work. -Wax applicators. Anything absorbent will work, a small paint brush, maybe even cotton balls on sticks. The bespoke applicators are pretty cheap though and probably worth getting. **Tools** ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/a248bfd3-50c7-4a15-a6b4-97143cb0ce47.jpeg) -A drill. Highly recommend going corded here. Fresh wood is wet and dense and it takes a lot of torque to drill into it efficiently. A cordless drill could be used but it would have to be pretty beefy & have lots of extra batteries. -An inoculation tool. This is probably the only specialty tool needed, and can be bought from where you buy your spawn. It’s a spring loaded plunger attached to a brass tube designed for collecting sawdust spawn and injecting it into holes in the log. These run about $30 or so. -A drill bit. This should match the diameter of the inoculation tool. There exist specialty bits for this with a stop at exactly the same depth as the inoculation tool, but a drill bit with tape as a depth gauge would work fine too just be a little slower. The important part is to match the dimensions of the inoculation tool. You could measure the depth of the tool with a piece of wire. If you do decide to get the specialty bit, filing or grinding a flat spot on the shaft is a MUST: ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/ce0ead00-e1a8-4526-a722-d1d3cb0d0e18.jpeg) Again the torque from drilling into fresh logs is quite high so if you don’t do this the bit will strip and get stuck in the wood, leading to grief and frustration and slowing you down. Just file it! -A saw (not pictured). Hand or chain. This is useful for cleaning up the ends of logs to remove mold and make it easier to wax. -A table. Not a must but makes working much more comfortable particularly if you’re doing this alone. If you only have one you will want to set up your wax on it. If you have 2 use one for drilling and the other for wax. I wouldn’t recommend both on the same table because logs can jerk unpredictably during drilling and it can knock wax over, greatly slowing you down. You should be willing to cover this in wax, or put down some rosin paper. In the next post I will cover the technique of inoculation. If you’ve made it this far, congratulations. Setup is the hardest part.

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
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Check out these beauties
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/d14349c5-2a31-45fd-9605-128f4b7fafec.jpeg

What are they? ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/2080a835-5916-4953-bf83-0eda12fc70d5.jpeg) ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/07b093d8-f226-4a61-853a-a63ac50c0594.jpeg)

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
mycology Self_Hating_Moid Now 100%
Mushroom friend wooooaag mushroem friend musbroem mush

Looks old. Common lawn shroom from aroind here, they usually dont get this big due to the ![grillman](https://www.hexbear.net/pictrs/image/b674f45a-ed3b-4a2b-995b-189c052d6d7f.png "grillman") boomers mowing their lawns all thr time No idea what its actual scientific name is, with the cap so curled and old (white edges witj browning on the middle) with no scales, i assume it might be aome lepiota or smth, idk its cool looking and theres others growing there so idk jusr vibe on little mushroom friend

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
mycology Char Now 100%
Found some Dead Man’s Fingers in my yard
https://i.imgur.com/dfDlCc8.jpg

not my yard, cross-posting from Mander

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
mycology Char Now 100%
I think this artist's conk is about to say something.

Mycology? More like *Our*cology! # **☭** Hopefully not a terrible joke. Welcome to federation bears!

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
mycology Assian_Candor Now 100%
Garden bed wine cap cultivation
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/f0521d5d-606b-43b3-9cb5-381958aa17e0.jpeg

I built an 8x4 raised bed too close to the wood line and it doesn’t grow anything successfully because of shade. I had a big tree come down in a storm, and, like any good mushroom guy… if there’s an arborist around, I’m getting wood chips. My friend was telling me about wine cap mushrooms. Apparently they are delicious, dead easy to grow, and don’t transport well so you can’t find them in stores. So knowing I had a soft maple coming down, I went ahead and ordered spawn from north spore. The first step was to take the weedy garden bed down to bare dirt. Since I actually weeded this spring it didn’t take too long. Once that is done, I covered it with 1” of fresh wood chips. I haven’t had fresh chips in a while and had forgotten how hot they get. The pile was steaming! According to north spore wine caps do best on a variety of substrate sizes, so after the wood chips were done I layered in some straw and mixed it: ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/fbb2954f-3e98-4de9-a667-8d69bdeabea2.jpeg) Then crumbled the spawn and sprinkled it on top: ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/c32e7556-eab1-42c3-9207-d0fda4749c02.jpeg) North Spore says a bag does 16 square feet so I’m going at 50% the recommended rate here. The conditions are pretty much ideal, it’s warm, the chips are super fresh (2 days old), I have clean straw mixed in and the bed is drip irrigated, so I like my chances. I then covered the bed with another 2-3” layer of fresh chips, watered heavily, and added the drip line. ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/d6361ed6-0228-404a-961e-8fc72e4bed34.jpeg) Finally I topped the bed off with some shade cover. It’s in full sun in the afternoon, although the spawn is buried deep and for the most part the bed is shaded, this seems like a prudent step. ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/17e5c3c3-6055-4c06-af3e-5652e55b9e6d.jpeg) Now as always fingers crossed. These things are called “garden giants” and apparently the caps can get as big as dinner plates! Look forward to sharing harvest pics next year. If you have a dead garden bed this might be a move worth doing!

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
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Favorite finds from the last couple weeks

On the top is artist's conk, Ganoderma applanatum. You can [draw ](https://archives.evergreen.edu/webpages/curricular/2013-2014/fungalkingdom/files/2014/02/Etched-ganoderma.png)on the pore surface with a sharp stick. Its Japanese name — kofuki-saru-no-koshikake — means “Powder-Covered Monkey’s Bench” which like, come on, who doesn't love that. Apparently the spores can end up on the tops due to electrostatic forces (don't ask me) so imagine a lil monkey taking a seat on one of these and then he stands up and there's powder on his butt! Ha! 🤭 Also Diane Fossy wrote that they're a prized gorilla snack and they'll even fight over them. Then we've got a funeral bell, Gallerina marginata. G. marginata is in some ways the opposite of a Good margarita as ingesting even a piece of the already small mushroom could have enough amatoxin to kill you if left untreated. In the middle is crown-tipped coral, Artomyces pyxidatus. I was really happy to find this one as it was my first time coming across a coral fungus. At a distance I almost mistook it for the white jelly fungus that's all over the forest right now. The bottom-right are a pair of cinnabar chanterelles, Cantharellus cinnabarinus. They're also called red chanterelles but to me it would be crazy to pass up the chance to use the word "cinnabar." They're usually small - maybe around two inches tall - but these were an inch, probably less. If it was a larger patch maybe I'd have taken some home to eat but there were only a few (all tiny) so I left em for the creatures.

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
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Shiitake
https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/11b1fe73-40e5-43cd-9947-dfa1603a0c13.jpeg

Maple logs inoculated from sawdust in summer 2021. Red stuff is cheese wax which I used to seal the inoculation sites

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
mycology jack Now 100%
Mushrooms I saw today

Any identifications on these puppies? ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/486aba41-5ea6-47cd-a144-420371062b73.jpeg) ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/6391e38b-68ee-4fbe-9f55-3ac79eff4383.jpeg) ![](https://hexbear.net/pictrs/image/a3a1e237-7af2-409c-9a1b-c22e1f672201.jpeg)

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
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Scientists Are Growing Sustainable Buildings From Fungi Now
cleantechnica.com

Fungi have crossed the CleanTechnica radar as a potential biofuel resource, a packaging and insulation material, and a plant-based alternative to animal-derived leather. The idea of making sustainable concrete-type blocks from fungi has also been percolating for several years. In January, for example, NASA published a proposal from the University of Nebraska that describes how sustainable buildings could be grown on Mars by, combining the masonry skills of fungi and cyanobacteria. “This research proposes that, rather than shipping prefabricated outfitting elements to Mars, habitat outfitting can be realized by insitu construction using cyanobacteria and fungi as building agents,” explains Congrui Grace Jin, an assistant professor at the school’s College of Engineering, with in situ meaning that the blocks would be fabricated at the construction site. The self-repairing bio-material would incorporate native soil, aka regolith, from the planet’s surface to grow homemade building blocks. “Synthetic biology toolkits will be employed to create a synthetic lichen system, composed of diazotrophic cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi, to produce abundant biominerals (calcium carbonate) and biopolymers, which will glue Martian regolith into consolidated building blocks,” Jin added.

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"Initials" by "Florian Körner", licensed under "CC0 1.0". / Remix of the original. - Created with dicebear.comInitialsFlorian Körnerhttps://github.com/dicebear/dicebearMY
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Fungi -New General Megathread for the 17th of July 2023

A fungus (pl: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which, by one traditional classification, includes Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), that share a common ancestor (i.e. they form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known that fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants. Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases, and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals, including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies. The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of the fungus kingdom, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species.[5] Of these, only about 148,000 have been described, with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.[7] Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within the fungi kingdom, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla. **Megathreads and spaces to hang out:** - ❤️ Come listen to music and Watch movies with your fellow [Hexbears nerd, in Cy.tube](https://live.hexbear.net/c/movies) - 💖 Come talk in the [New Monthly queer thread](https://hexbear.net/post/276726) - 💛 Read and talk about a current topics in the [News Megathread](https://hexbear.net/post/274824) - ⭐️ [October Movie Nominations](https://hexbear.net/post/225469) ⭐️ **reminders:** - 💚 You nerds can join specific comms to see posts about all sorts of topics - 💙 Hexbear’s algorithm prioritizes struggle sessions over upbears - 💜 Sorting by new you nerd - 🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can go [here nerd](https://hexbear.net/post/261657) - 🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon [instance toots.matapacos.dog](https://toots.matapacos.dog/explore) **Links To Resources (Aid and Theory):** **Aid:** - 💙‎[Comprehensive list of resources for those in need of an abortion -- reddit link](https://www.reddit.com/r/Feminism/comments/phrcrn/this_is_a_comprehensive_list_of_resources_for/) - 💙[Resources for Palestine](https://buildpalestine.com/2021/05/15/trusted-organizations-to-donate-to-palestine/) **Theory:** - ❤️[Foundations of Leninism](https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm) - ❤️[Anarchism and Other Essays](https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emma-goldman-anarchism-and-other-essays) - ❤️[Mega upload with theory for many tendencies](https://mega.nz/folder/3GBC1SIZ#zyFsn3bRGxOG1sy-2dOfVA)

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